The Relationship Between Religiosity and Both Optimism and Pessimism: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study

Abstract

The current study aimed to Identify the relationship between religiosity, optimism, pessimism. The sample of the study consisted of (N = 567). Thus, the Arabic Scale of Religiosity and the Arabic Scale of Optimism and Pessimism were applied to them, aged between (18 – 51+) years old. The results show significant differences based on age in religiosity, showing an increase in religiosity in the age group (51+), there are significant differences depending on the interaction of country and gender, that there were significant differences in optimism depending on the country, particularly in Kuwait. Additionally, differences in pessimism were found based on age, with lower age groups exhibiting higher levels of pessimism. However, no significant differences were found in pessimism based on gender or country. A positive relationship between religiosity and optimism was identified, while a negative relationship was found between religiosity and pessimism. Fisher's coefficient showed no significant differences between the correlations.